@Article{GattiBMGDCTANPMASCAVCCN:2021:AmCaSo,
               author = "Gatti, Luciana Vanni and Basso, Luana Santamaria and Miller, John 
                         B. and Gloor, Manuel and Domingues, Lucas Gatti and Cassol, 
                         Henrique Lu{\'{\i}}s Godinho and Tejada Pinel, Graciela and 
                         Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de and Nobre, Carlos 
                         Afonso and Peters, Wouter and Marani, Luciano and Arai, Egidio and 
                         Sanchez Ipia, Alber Hamersson and Corr{\^e}a, Sergio Machado and 
                         Anderson, Liana and Von Randow, Celso and Correia, Caio Silvestre 
                         de Carvaliho and Crispim, Stephane Palma and Neves, Raiane 
                         Aparecida Lopes",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {National Oceanic and 
                         Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)} and {University of Leeds} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {Wageningen University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Centro 
                         Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate 
                         change",
              journal = "Nature",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "595",
               number = "78657",
                pages = "388+",
                month = "July",
             abstract = "Amazonia hosts the Earth's largest tropical forests and has been 
                         shown to be an important carbon sink over recent decades(1-3). 
                         This carbon sink seems to be in decline, however, as a result of 
                         factors such as deforestation and climate change(1-3). Here we 
                         investigate Amazonia's carbon budget and the main drivers 
                         responsible for its change into a carbon source. We performed 590 
                         aircraft vertical profiling measurements of lower-tropospheric 
                         concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at four sites 
                         in Amazonia from 2010 to 2018(4). We find that total carbon 
                         emissions are greater in eastern Amazonia than in the western 
                         part, mostly as a result of spatial differences in 
                         carbon-monoxide-derived fire emissions. Southeastern Amazonia, in 
                         particular, acts as a net carbon source (total carbon flux minus 
                         fire emissions) to the atmosphere. Over the past 40 years, eastern 
                         Amazonia has been subjected to more deforestation, warming and 
                         moisture stress than the western part, especially during the dry 
                         season, with the southeast experiencing the strongest trends(5-9). 
                         We explore the effect of climate change and deforestation trends 
                         on carbon emissions at our study sites, and find that the 
                         intensification of the dry season and an increase in deforestation 
                         seem to promote ecosystem stress, increase in fire occurrence, and 
                         higher carbon emissions in the eastern Amazon. This is in line 
                         with recent studies that indicate an increase in tree mortality 
                         and a reduction in photosynthesis as a result of climatic changes 
                         across Amazonia(1,10). Aircraft observations of atmospheric carbon 
                         dioxide and monoxide concentrations in Brazil show higher carbon 
                         emissions in eastern Amazonia than in the western part, which are 
                         linked to increased ecosystem stress and fire occurrence.",
                  doi = "10.1038/s41586-021-03629-6",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03629-6",
                 issn = "0028-0836",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "gatti_amazonia.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}