@Article{MuraGamParOliRod:2021:GrDiRe,
               author = "Mura, Jos{\'e} Cl{\'a}udio and Gama, F{\'a}bio Furlan and 
                         Paradella, Waldir Renato and Oliveira, Cleber Gonzalez de and 
                         Rodrigues, Thiago Gon{\c{c}}alves",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {VISIONA Tecnologia Espacial} and 
                         {VISIONA Tecnologia Espacial}",
                title = "Ground displacements revealed by A-DInSAR analysis in the Germano 
                         iron mining complex before and after the Fundao Dam collapse using 
                         Sentinel-1 data",
              journal = "Journal of Applied Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "15",
               number = "3",
                pages = "e034513",
                month = "Aug.",
             keywords = "Mariana, Fundao, tailing dam, collapse, advanced differential SAR 
                         interferometry, Sentinel-1.",
             abstract = "Advanced differential SAR interferometry (A-DInSAR) has been used 
                         as an effective monitoring tool in mining environments. This work 
                         presents an investigation of surface displacement in the Germano 
                         iron mining complex (Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil), where on 
                         November 5, 2015, the Fundao tailings dam collapsed. Initially, 
                         the analysis was performed with 14 Sentinel-1 images, acquired 
                         from May 8, 2015, to November 4, 2015, and focused on the Fundao 
                         dam before its rupture to detect prior signs of surface 
                         deformations. The analysis after the Fundao dam collapse was 
                         conducted in the Germano area using 43 Sentinel-1 images, acquired 
                         from November 16, 2015 to May 15, 2017, and aimed at detecting 
                         surface displacement on the remaining infrastructure, the 
                         Sela\&Tulipa and Selinha dikes and the main Germano tailings dam, 
                         which were directly or indirectly affected by the accident. The 
                         results reveal precursor signals of surface displacement at the 
                         Fundao dam prior to rupture, particularly on the left abutment 
                         setback sector where the collapse started according to a witness, 
                         reaching accumulated values of up to -60 mm. The results provided 
                         by the A-DInSAR analysis after the dam collapse indicate a 
                         stability in the Sela\&Tulipa and Selinha dikes as well as in the 
                         main Germano dam, which is corroborated by in situ topographic 
                         measurements. On the auxiliary dikes within the Germano reservoir, 
                         accumulated displacement of up to -90 mm caused by settlements and 
                         continuous traffic of vehicles was detected. In addition, the 
                         detected accumulate displacement within the reservoir showed 
                         values of up to -120 mm, in general caused by settlements of the 
                         waste dry material due to the inactivity of the mining process. 
                         The investigation emphasized the important role that 
                         satellite-based A-DInSAR can play in mitigating possible accidents 
                         and for operational planning and risk assessment in mining 
                         operations. (C) 2021 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation 
                         Engineers (SPIE).",
                  doi = "10.1117/1.JRS.15.034513",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.15.034513",
                 issn = "1931-3195",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Mura_ground.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}