@PhDThesis{Ribeiro:2022:EfUsCo,
author = "Ribeiro, Kelly",
title = "Efeito do uso e cobertura da terra na din{\^a}mica do carbono e
nitrog{\^e}nio em turfeiras na v{\'a}rzea do rio
Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2022",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-09-23",
keywords = "turfeiras, gases de efeito estufa, estoque de carbono, peatlands,
greenhouse gases, carbon stock.",
abstract = "As turfeiras armazenam grande quantidade de carbono (C) e t{\^e}m
atuado como sumidouros de CO2 atmosf{\'e}rico, mas tamb{\'e}m
podem se comportar como importantes fontes de Gases de Efeito
Estufa (GEE) para a atmosfera (CO2, CH4 e N2O) quando submetidas a
drenagem e mudan{\c{c}}a no seu uso alterando a cobertura da
terra. Quantificar os estoques de carbono em turfeiras, bem como
os par{\^a}metros que regulam a din{\^a}mica de C e tamb{\'e}m
do nitrog{\^e}nio (N) {\'e} essencial para subsidiar
pol{\'{\i}}ticas p{\'u}blicas que visem a prote{\c{c}}{\~a}o
desses ecossistemas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o
efeito da mudan{\c{c}}a do uso e da cobertura da terra na
din{\^a}mica do carbono e nitrog{\^e}nio em turfeiras na
v{\'a}rzea do Rio Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul, considerando as
coberturas da terra, bem como a an{\'a}lise temporal feita em
cronossequ{\^e}ncia. Coleta de amostras de solo e de ar foram
realizadas em 24 locais entre 2019 e 2020 nas esta{\c{c}}{\~o}es
secas e chuvosas bem como na transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre elas. Os
fluxos foram medidos utilizando-se c{\^a}maras est{\'a}ticas de
PVC com coletas de amostras em per{\'{\i}}odos de 30 minutos, em
solos cobertos por florestas, pastagens e agricultura e em
{\'a}reas >10 anos e <10 anos. Os resultados evidenciam solos
org{\^a}nicos, altamente {\'a}cidos (pH <4,3) e de alta
densidade 0,87 g/cm³), com teor de mat{\'e}ria org{\^a}nica por
volta de 39%. Concentra{\c{c}}{\~o}es elevadas de macro e
micronutrientes foram observadas na regi{\~a}o, especialmente
nitrog{\^e}nio (m{\'e}dia 0,47%), Fe (m{\'e}dia 266,67 mg/kg) e
Ca (m{\'e}dia de 640,47mg/kg), associadas principalmente {\`a}
deposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca e ao manejo agr{\'{\i}}cola. Os
resultados mostram fluxo m{\'e}dio de (1660,79 ± 1729,86) g m-2
ano-1 de CO2 , (0,30 ± 1,41) g m-2 ano-1 de CH4 e (0,45 ± 0,9) g
m-2 ano-1 de N2O, n{\~a}o apresentando diferen{\c{c}}as
significativas entre as coberturas do solo nem mesmo nas
cronossequ{\^e}ncias adotadas. Os resultados indicaram que, neste
ecossistema, as emiss{\~o}es foram reguladas por
caracter{\'{\i}}sticas qu{\'{\i}}micas e f{\'{\i}}sicas do
solo, principalmente a profundidade do n{\'{\i}}vel
fre{\'a}tico que regulou os n{\'{\i}}veis de
satura{\c{c}}{\~a}o do solo. Os fluxos de CO2 foram maiores
quando o n{\'{\i}}vel fre{\'a}tico atingiu 1,5 metros de
profundidade e menores quando atingiu a superf{\'{\i}}cie do
solo, favorecendo a emiss{\~a}o de CH4. O estoque de carbono
acumulado nas camadas de 0-20cm variou entre 159,2 e 470,5 Mg C
ha-1, totalizando 482 Tg de C e a decomposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
mat{\'e}ria org{\^a}nica do solo promoveu a perda m{\'e}dia de
carbono de 1164,63 GgCO2eq.ano-1 (varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre
-52,20 e 7458,21 GgCO2eq.ano-1) representando valores at{\'e}
5,4% das emiss{\~o}es totais no estado de S{\~a}o Paulo,
evidenciando que as turfeiras s{\~a}o fontes significativas de
GEE e devem ser consideradas nos invent{\'a}rios regionais.
Assim, fica evidente que aprofundar o entendimento da
din{\^a}mica do carbono e do nitrog{\^e}nio, bem como dos
par{\^a}metros que regulam as emiss{\~o}es de GEE, nestes solos,
s{\~a}o de extrema import{\^a}ncia na conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o
dos estoques de carbono na regi{\~a}o. ABSTRACT: Peatlands store
large amounts of carbon (C) and have acted as sinks of atmospheric
CO2, but they can also act as important sources of Greenhouse
Gases (GHG) to the atmosphere (CO2, CH4 and N2O) when subjected to
drainage and change in its use by altering the land cover.
Quantifying carbon stocks in peatlands, as well as the parameters
that regulate the dynamics of C (carbon) and also of N (nitrogen)
is essential to support public policies aimed at protecting these
ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes of
use and cover lands on the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in
peatlands in the Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul River
floodplain,considering land cover, as well as a temporal analysis
performed with chronosequence. . Soil and air sample collections
were carried out at 24 sites in 2019 and 2020 during the dry and
rainy seasons as well as in the transition between them. Fluxes
were measured using static PVC chambers and samples were collected
in periods of 30 minutes per chamber, in soils covered by forests,
pastures and agriculture and in areas >10 years and <10 years. The
results show organic, highly acidic (pH <4.3) and high density
(0.87 g/cm³) soils with organic matter content around 39%. High
concentrations of macro and micronutrients were observed in the
region, especially nitrogen (average 0.47%), Fe (average 266,67
mg/kg) and Ca (640,47mg/kg ), mainly caused by dry deposition and
agricultural management. The results show mean fluxes of (1660.79
± 1729.86) g m-2 year-1 of CO2 , (0.30 ± 1.41) g m-2 year-1 of CH4
and (0.40 ± 0 .8) g m-2 yr-1 of N2O, not showing significant
differences between the soil covers, not even in the adopted
chronosequences. The results indicated that, in this ecosystem,
emissions were regulated by chemical and physical characteristics
of the soil, mainly the depth of the water table that regulates
the levels of soil saturation. The CO2 fluxes were higher when the
water table reached 1.5 meters deep and the were lower when it
reached the soil surface, favoring the emission of CH4. The carbon
stock accumulated in the 0-20 cm varied between 159.20 and 470,50
Mg C ha- 1, totaling 482 Tg C and the decomposition of soil
organic matter promoted an average carbon loss of 1164.63
GgCO2eq.year-1 (variation between -52.20 and 7458.2079
GgCO2eq.y-1) representing values up to 5.4% of total emissions in
the state of S{\~a}o Paulo, showing that peat is a significant
source of GHG and should be considered in regional inventories.
Thus, it is evident that deepening the understanding of the
dynamics of carbon and nitrogen, as well as the parameters that
regulate GHG emissions into the atmosphere in these soils, are
extremely important in the conservation of carbon stocks in the
region.",
committee = "Ometto, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud (presidente) and Alval{\'a},
Pl{\'{\i}}nio Carlos (orientador) and Pacheco, Felipe Siqueira
(orientador) and Forti, Maria Cristina and Almeida, J{\'u}lio
C{\'e}sar Raposo de and Nogueira, Sandra Furlan",
englishtitle = "Effect of land use and coverage on the dynamics of carbon and
nitrogen in peatlands in the Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul river
floodplain",
language = "pt",
pages = "121",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/45GRKCH",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/45GRKCH",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}