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		<doi>10.1029/2021JA029416</doi>
		<issn>2169-9402</issn>
		<citationkey>ResendeZDBSMCCSAMFCPWL:2021:NeFiSp</citationkey>
		<title>New Findings of the Sporadic E (Es) Layer Development Around the Magnetic Equator During a High-Speed Solar (HSS) Wind Stream Event</title>
		<year>2021</year>
		<month>Sept.</month>
		<typeofwork>journal article</typeofwork>
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		<author>Resende, Laysa Cristina Araújo,</author>
		<author>Zhu, Y.,</author>
		<author>Denardini, Clezio Marcos,</author>
		<author>Batista, Inez Staciarini,</author>
		<author>Shi, J.,</author>
		<author>Moro, Juliano,</author>
		<author>Chen, Sony Su,</author>
		<author>Conceição Santos, F.,</author>
		<author>Silva, Ligia Alves da,</author>
		<author>Andrioli, Vânia Fátima,</author>
		<author>Muella, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato,</author>
		<author>Fagundes, P. R.,</author>
		<author>Carrasco, A. J.,</author>
		<author>Pillat, V. G.,</author>
		<author>Wang, C.,</author>
		<author>Liu, Z.,</author>
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		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Space Weather</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Space Weather</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidad de Los Andes</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Space Weather</affiliation>
		<affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Space Weather</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>laysa.resende@gmail.com</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress></electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>clezio.denarnin@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress></electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress></electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>juliano.moro@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>sony.chen@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress></electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>ligia.alves01@gmail.com</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>vaniafatima@gmail.com</electronicmailaddress>
		<journal>Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics</journal>
		<volume>126</volume>
		<number>9</number>
		<pages>e2021JA029416</pages>
		<transferableflag>1</transferableflag>
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		<keywords>equatorial sporadic layers, gradient drift instability, sporadic layers simulation.</keywords>
		<abstract>The equatorial (Esq) and blanketing (Esb) sporadic (Es) layers occur due to the Equatorial Electrojet Current (EEJ) plasma instabilities and tidal wind components, respectively. Both Esq and Esb layers can appear concurrently over some Brazilian equatorial regions due to the peculiar geomagnetic field configuration in this sector. Previous works indicate that the inclination angle limit for the Esq occurrence in ionograms is 7°. However, we found evidence that regions more distant can also experience such equatorial dynamics during disturbed periods. In this context, we deeply investigated this EEJ influence expansion effect by analyzing the Esq layers in regions not so close to the magnetic equator during a high-speed solar wind stream event that occurred on May 05 and 06, 2018. To explain these atypical Esq layer occurrences, we considered the Es layer parameters obtained from digital ionosondes over the Brazilian regions, São Luís (dip: 9.5°), and Araguatins (dip: 10.5°). We use magnetometer data and a model named MIRE (E Region Ionospheric Model) to validate this mechanism. The results show that the eastward electric field of the Gradient Drift instability in the EEJ is effective during the magnetic storm main phase in the boundary equatorial magnetic sites, creating the Esq layers. Thus, the EEJ plasma irregularity superimposes the wind shear mechanism, changing the Es layer dynamics during disturbed periods over the magnetic equator boundary sites. Therefore, this work establishes new findings of the EEJ influence expansion dynamics in the Es layer formation over the Brazilian regions, which was considered in MIRE for the first time.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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