@Article{RiehlMurs:2021:LiTiEx,
               author = "Riehl, Roger Ribeiro and Murshed, S. M. Sohel",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de Lisboa}",
                title = "Life Time Expectancy Prediction and Ageing Process of Heat Pipes 
                         Using Nanofluids",
              journal = "Heat Transfer Engineering",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "42",
               number = "19/20",
                pages = "1755--1764",
             abstract = "Nanofluids have been used in several thermal management systems, 
                         as they contribute to the augmentation of the heat dissipation 
                         rates in many applications, especially those where heat pipes, 
                         pulsating heat pipes and loop heat pipes are used. Long term use 
                         of this type of device is required in order to increase their 
                         reliability, which requires chemical compatibility between the 
                         base fluid and the nanoparticle. The verification of the 
                         non-condensable gases (NCGs) generation is required as the 
                         nanofluid undergoes thermal cycling and chemical reactions are 
                         present, along with the interaction with the device's housing 
                         material. The prediction of the amount of NCGs is necessary for 
                         each base fluid and nanofluid combination, which contributes to 
                         the evaluation of the life time expectancy for those devices. For 
                         this purpose, the use of the Arrhenius model is applied, which 
                         indicates the amount of NCG generated and the time related for 
                         which the HP must undergo the ageing process. As the stability of 
                         nanofluids is strongly connected to various thermal properties, 
                         devices' thermal efficiency as well as their longevity, it is also 
                         important to employ stable nanofluids in this type of thermal 
                         control device.",
                  doi = "10.1080/01457632.2020.1818423",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2020.1818423",
                 issn = "0145-7632",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "riehl_life.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "01 maio 2024"
}