@Article{BrandãoBaraNobrNobr:2021:EfAmDe,
               author = "Brand{\~a}o, Diego Oliveira and Barata, Lauro Euclides Soares and 
                         Nobre, Ismael and Nobre, Carlos Afonso",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Par{\'a} (UFOPA)} and {Project 
                         Amazonia 4.0}",
                title = "The effects of Amazon deforestation on non-timber forest 
                         products",
              journal = "Regional Environmental Change",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "21",
               number = "4",
                pages = "e122",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "Amazon land use, Climate change, Environmental change, Non-timber 
                         forest products, Supply chain, Tropical forest.",
             abstract = "The relationships between deforestation and non-timber forest 
                         products (NTFPs) supply chains are investigated in 532 
                         municipalities throughout the Brazilian Amazon. The NTFP 
                         production of acai berry (Euterpe spp.), andiroba (Carapa spp.), 
                         Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.), and tonka bean (Dipteryx 
                         spp.) has reduced with increasing deforestation rates (p < 0.02). 
                         Correlations between the presence of NTFP extractivism and 
                         agroforestry systems and increased deforestation ranged between 
                         \− 22 and \− 38%. Forests suffering extractivism 
                         activities have decreased mainly in municipalities located in the 
                         southern and eastern Brazilian Amazon areas. These decreases are 
                         discussed as being associated to forest biomass, fragmentation, 
                         edge effect, wildfire, and climate change attributed to 
                         deforestation. However, increasing deforestation rates did not 
                         influence either cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex 
                         Spreng.) K. Schum.) production (p = 0.26) or the presence of raw 
                         material processing businesses until 2017 (p = 0.09). The lack of 
                         observed associations between deforestation and cupuassu 
                         production is linked to NTFP management in agroforestry systems. 
                         NTFP flows from less deforested regions to municipalities that 
                         house factories for the production of oils, fats, pulp and 
                         dehydrated seeds. The productive andiroba and tonka bean chains 
                         are highly threatened by deforestation. Without the presence of 
                         forest restoration efforts employing agroforestry systems, the 
                         social and economic activities of both people and businesses are 
                         at risk, and NTFP production and diversity are increasingly 
                         reduced by Amazon deforestation.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s10113-021-01836-5",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01836-5",
                 issn = "1436-3798 and 1436-378X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "brandao_effects.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "21 maio 2024"
}