@PhDThesis{Marchi:2022:EsTéDe,
author = "Marchi, Luis Ot{\'a}vio",
title = "Estudo de t{\'e}cnicas para deflex{\~a}o de asteroides
potencialmente perigosos",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2022",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2022-04-29",
keywords = "(99942) Apophis, (101955) Bennu, defesa planet{\'a}ria,
minera{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial, PHA’s, planetary defense, space
mining.",
abstract = "Neste trabalho propomos o uso de tr{\^e}s m{\'e}todos para
deflex{\~a}o de Aster{\'o}ides Potencialmente Perigosos (PHAs,
sigla em ingl{\^e}s para Potentially Hazardous Asteroids), os
quais s{\~a}o: perturbador gravitacional, impactador
cin{\'e}tico e dispositivo espacial reflexivo. Usamos
configura{\c{c}}{\~o}es com 01 e 02 perturbadores gravitacionais
para medir os desvios na trajet{\'o}ria do (99942) Apophis,
levando em considera{\c{c}}{\~a}o o Problema de N-Corpos,
incluindo todos os planetas do Sistema Solar, a Lua, as luas de
Marte (Fobos e Deimos), a lua de Plut{\~a}o (Caronte), os
tr{\^e}s maiores aster{\'o}ides situados no Cintur{\~a}o
Principal (Ceres, Pallas e Vesta), as perturba{\c{c}}{\~o}es
devido ao achatamento do Sol (J2), harm{\^o}nicos esf{\'e}ricos
zonais, setoriais e tesserais da Terra e da Lua (ordem e grau 6),
press{\~a}o de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar (PRS) e efeitos
relativ{\'{\i}}sticos, segundo a Teoria da Relatividade Geral.
Validamos o simulador criado comparando os resultados calculados
com os fornecidos pelas efem{\'e}rides HORIZONS do JPL, para
semi-eixo maior, excentricidade e inclina{\c{c}}{\~a}o, durante
a fase de m{\'{\i}}nima aproxima{\c{c}}{\~a}o com a Terra em
13/04/2029. Mostramos quais s{\~a}o os perturbadores mais
importantes na din{\^a}mica do (99942) Apophis, em
compara{\c{c}}{\~a}o com a din{\^a}mica de outros
aster{\'o}ides, atrav{\'e}s da integral do valor absoluto das
acelera{\c{c}}{\~o}es perturbadoras (Tipo-I). Com o cruzamento
dos resultados obtidos, encontramos as condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es
iniciais dos perturbadores que afastam ou aproximam o (99942)
Apophis da Terra. Al{\'e}m disso, mapeamos as
condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es iniciais que geram colis{\~o}es entre os
corpos do sistema. Usando como base o modelo validado para o
perturbador gravitacional, implementamos o m{\'e}todo do
impactador cin{\'e}tico e calculamos os desvios na
trajet{\'o}ria do (99942) Apophis, como fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o de um
incremento na velocidade do pr{\'o}prio aster{\'o}ide ou da
espa{\c{c}}onave, antes de ocorrer o impacto. Por {\'u}ltimo,
propomos um m{\'e}todo baseado na fixa{\c{c}}{\~a}o de um
bal{\~a}o reflexivo por um cabo espacial na superf{\'{\i}}cie
do (101955) Bennu, um aster{\'o}ide com caracter{\'{\i}}sticas
peculiares e alvo da miss{\~a}o OSIRIS-REx. Os desvios
determinados foram ajustados por equa{\c{c}}{\~o}es lineares,
como fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos par{\^a}metros f{\'{\i}}sicos desse
dispositivo. Para os tr{\^e}s m{\'e}todos estudados,
verificou-se a possibilidade de alterar a {\'o}rbita do
aster{\'o}ide no sentido de aproxim{\'a}lo ou de afast{\'a}-lo
da Terra. ABSTRACT: In this work we propose the use of three
methods to deflect Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), which
are: gravitational tractor, kinetic impactor and reflective space
device. We used configurations with 01 and 02 gravitational
perturbators to measure deviations in the trajectory of the
(99942) Apophis, taking into account the N-Bodies Problem,
including all the planets of the Solar System, the Moon, the moons
of Mars (Phobos and Deimos), the moon of Pluto (Charon), the three
largest asteroids located in the Main Belt (Ceres, Pallas and
Vesta), and the orbital perturbations of the Sun (J2), zonal,
sectoral and tesseral spherical harmonics of Earth and Moon (order
and degree 6), solar radiation pressure (SRP) and relativistic
effects, according to The General Theory of Relativity. We
validated the simulator created by comparing the results
calculated with those perturbations with ones provides by JPLs
HORIZONS ephemeris, for semi-major axis, eccentricity and
inclination, during the phase of minimum approach to Earth on
04/13/2029. We show which perturbators are more important in the
dynamics of the (99942) Apophis, compared to the dynamics of other
asteroids, using the absolute value of the disturbing
accelerations (Type I). By comparing the results obtained, we find
the initial conditions of the perturbators that move away or
approach the (99942) Apophis from the Earth. In addition, we map
the initial conditions that generate collisions between the bodies
of the system. Using the validated model for the gravitational
perturbator as a basis, we implemented the kinetic impactor method
and calculated the deviations in the trajectory of the (99942)
Apophis, as a function of an increase in the velocity of the
asteroid itself and the spacecraft, before impact. Finally, we
propose a method based on the attachment of a reflective balloon
by a space cable to the surface of (101955) Bennu, an asteroid
with peculiar characteristics and target of the OSIRISREx mission.
The deviations determined were adjusted by linear equations, as a
function of the physical parameters of this device. For the three
methods studied, it was verified the possibility of changing the
asteroids orbit to bring it closer or to send it away from the
Earth.",
committee = "Moraes, Rodolpho Vilhena de (presidente) and Prado, Antonio
Fernando Bertachini de Almeida (orientador) and Sanchez, Diogo
Merguizo (orientador) and Venditti, Flaviane Cristine Faria
(orientadora) and Carvalho, Francisco das Chagas and Terra,
Ma{\'{\i}}sa de Oliveira and Gomes, Vivian Martins",
englishtitle = "Studying techniques to deflect potentially dangerous asteroids",
language = "pt",
pages = "89",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/4769E68",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/4769E68",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}