@Article{ResendeZADCMSCSAMC:2022:AnSpLa,
               author = "Resende, Laysa Cristina Ara{\'u}jo and Zhu, Yajun and Arras, 
                         Christina and Denardini, Clezio Marcos and Chen, Sony Su and Moro, 
                         Juliano and Silva, Diego Barros and Chagas, Ronan Arraes Jardim 
                         and Silva, L{\'{\i}}gia Alves da and Andrioli, Vania F{\'a}tima 
                         and Marchezi, Jos{\'e} Paulo and Carrasco, Alexander Jos{\'e}",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {State Key 
                         Laboratory of Space Weather (NSSC)} and {German Research Centre 
                         for Geosciences (GFZ)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Analysis of the Sporadic-E Layer Behavior in Different American 
                         Stations during the Days around the September 2017 Geomagnetic 
                         Storm",
              journal = "Atmosphere",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "13",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e1714",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "geomagnetic storm, sporadic-E (Es) layer, tidal winds.",
             abstract = "The development of sporadic-E (Es) layers over five Digisonde 
                         stations in the American sector is analyzed. This work aims to 
                         investigate the dynamic of such layers during the days around the 
                         geomagnetic storm that occurred on 8 September 2017. Therefore, a 
                         numerical model (MIRE) and Radio Occultation (RO) technique are 
                         used to analyze the E layer dynamics. The results show a downward 
                         movement in low-middle latitudes due to the wind components that 
                         had no significant changes before, during, and after the 
                         geomagnetic storm. In fact, our data and simulations showed weak 
                         Es layers over Boulder, Cachoeira Paulista, and Santa Maria, even 
                         though the winds were not low. However, the RO data show the 
                         terdiurnal and quarterdiurnal influence in the Es layer formation, 
                         which can explain this behavior. In addition, we observed an 
                         atypical Es layer type, slant Es layer (Ess), during the main 
                         phase of the magnetic storm over Boulder. The possible cause of 
                         the Ess layers was gravity waves. Another interesting point is the 
                         spreading Es layer occurrence associated with the KelvinHelmholtz 
                         Instability (KHI). Finally, it is confirmed that the disturbed 
                         electric field only influenced the Es layer dynamics in regions 
                         near the magnetic equator.",
                  doi = "10.3390/atmos13101714",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101714",
                 issn = "2073-4433",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "atmosphere-13-01714-v2.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}