@Article{BravoMMBUESVNOVBVGRPCLCFMMSVC:2022:Ev14De,
               author = "Bravo, M. A. and Molina, M. G. and Mart{\'{\i}}nez-Ledesma, M. 
                         and Barb{\'a}s, B. de Haro and Urra, B. and El{\'{\i}}as, A. 
                         and Souza, Jonas Rodrigues de and Villalobos, C. and Namour, J. H. 
                         and Ovalle, E. and Venchiarutti, J. V. and Blunier, S. and 
                         Vald{\'e}s-Abreu, J. C. and Guillermo, E. and Rojo, E. and 
                         Pasquale, L. de and Carrasco, E. and Leiva, R. and Castillo 
                         Rivera, C. and Foppiano, A. and Milla, M. and Muñoz, P. R. and 
                         Stepanova, M. and Valdivia, J. A. and Cabrera, M.",
          affiliation = "{Universidad Adventista de Chile} and {Universidad Nacional de 
                         Tucum{\'a}n} and {Centro Interuniversitario de F{\'{\i}}sica de 
                         la Alta Atm{\'o}sfera} and FACET-UNT and {Universidad Adventista 
                         de Chile} and {Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones 
                         Cient{\'{\i}}ficas y T{\'e}cnicas (CONICET)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidad 
                         Adventista de Chile} and {Universidad Nacional de Tucum{\'a}n} 
                         and {Universidad de Concepci{\'o}n} and FACET-UNT and 
                         {Universidad de Chile} and {Universidad de Chile} and Universidad 
                         Tecnol{\'o}gica Nacional, Bah{\'{\i}}a Blanca and {Universidad 
                         Adventista de Chile} and Universidad Tecnol{\'o}gica Nacional, 
                         Bah{\'{\i}}a Blanca and {Universidad Adventista de Chile} and 
                         {Centro Interuniversitario de F{\'{\i}}sica de la Alta 
                         Atm{\'o}sfera} and {Universidad de Concepci{\'o}n} and 
                         {Universidad de Concepci{\'o}n} and {Pontificia Universidad 
                         Cat{\'o}lica del Per{\'u}} and {Centro Interuniversitario de 
                         F{\'{\i}}sica de la Alta Atm{\'o}sfera} and {Universidad de 
                         Santiago de Chile} and {Universidad de Chile} and FACET-UNT",
                title = "Ionospheric response modeling under eclipse conditions: Evaluation 
                         of 14 December 2020, total solar eclipse prediction over the South 
                         American sector",
              journal = "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "9",
                pages = "e1021910",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "eclipse condition, ionospheric modeling and prediction, 
                         ionospheric response, south American sector, total solar 
                         eclipse.",
             abstract = "In this work, we evaluate the SUPIM-INPE model prediction of the 
                         14 December 2020, total solar eclipse over the South American 
                         continent. We compare the predictions with data from multiple 
                         instruments for monitoring the ionosphere and with different 
                         obscuration percentages (i.e., Jicamarca, 12.0°S, 76.8°W, 17%; 
                         Tucum{\'a}n 26.9°S, 65.4° W, 49%; Chill{\'a}n 36.6°S, 72.0°W; 
                         and Bah{\'{\i}}a Blanca, 38.7°S, 62.3°W, reach 95% obscuration) 
                         due to the eclipse. The analysis is done under total eclipse 
                         conditions and non-total eclipse conditions. Results obtained 
                         suggest that the model was able to reproduce with high accuracy 
                         both the daily variation and the eclipse impacts of E and F1 
                         layers in the majority of the stations evaluated (except in 
                         Jicamarca station). The comparison at the F2 layer indicates small 
                         differences (<7.8%) between the predictions and observations at 
                         all stations during the eclipse periods. Additionally, statistical 
                         metrics reinforce the conclusion of a good performance of the 
                         model. Predicted and calibrated Total Electron Content (TEC, using 
                         3 different techniques) are also compared. Results show that, 
                         although none of the selected TEC calibration methods have a good 
                         agreement with the SUPIM-INPE prediction, they exhibit similar 
                         trends in most of the cases. We also analyze data from the 
                         Jicamarca Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR), and Swarm-A and GOLD 
                         missions. The electron temperature changes observed in ISR and 
                         Swarm-A are underestimated by the prediction. Also, important 
                         changes in the O/N2 ratio due to the eclipse, have been observed 
                         with GOLD mission data. Thus, future versions of the SUPIM-INPE 
                         model for eclipse conditions should consider effects on 
                         thermospheric winds and changes in composition, specifically in 
                         the O/N2 ratio.",
                  doi = "10.3389/fspas.2022.1021910",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1021910",
                 issn = "2296-987X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "fspas-09-1021910.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}