@InProceedings{PaivaLimCarMatMad:2022:EnSoDe,
               author = "Paiva, David and Lima, Raffael Sadite Cordoville Gomes de and 
                         Carvalho, Manoel Jozeane Mafra de and Mattiello-Francisco, Maria 
                         de F{\'a}tima and Madeira, Henrique",
          affiliation = "{University of Coimbra} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {University of Coimbra}",
                title = "Enhanced software development process for CubeSats to cope with 
                         space radiation faults",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2022",
                pages = "78--88",
         organization = "IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, 
                         27.",
            publisher = "IEEE",
             keywords = "COTS, CubeSats, fault injection, soft errors, software 
                         development, software fault tolerance techniques, verification and 
                         validation.",
             abstract = "CubeSats are an established trend in the space industry. The 
                         CubeSat standard opens opportunities for rapid and low-cost access 
                         to space. The use of COTS components instead of space-hardened 
                         hardware greatly reduces the cost of CubeSat-based missions and 
                         provides the additional benefit of increasing software 
                         functionalities at a low power consumption. However, COTS 
                         components are not designed for the space environment, making 
                         CubeSats sensitive to space radiation. This means that CubeSats 
                         need additional software mechanisms to guarantee resilient 
                         behavior in the presence of space radiation. Our proposal is that 
                         such software implemented fault tolerance mechanisms must be 
                         tailored to the specific code running in each CubeSat and the 
                         logical way to achieve that is to extend the software development 
                         process for CubeSats to include the systematic resilience 
                         evaluation of software as part of the CubeSats software lifecycle 
                         process. This paper proposes a set of structured steps to enhance 
                         the classic software development process used in CubeSats, 
                         focusing particularly on the Verification and Validation (V\&V) 
                         phase. The approach uses fault injection as an integral part of 
                         the development environment for CubeSats software and includes 
                         three major steps: a) sensitivity evaluation (verification) of 
                         software in the presence of faults caused by space radiation, b) 
                         strengthen of the software with targeted software implemented 
                         fault tolerance (SWIFT) mechanisms and c) validation of the 
                         effectiveness of the SWIFT mechanisms to confirm that the software 
                         is immune to space radiation faults. These added steps to the 
                         V\&V process must be carried out during software development, as 
                         well as every time the CubeSat software has an update, or even a 
                         minor change, to ensure that the impact of faults caused by space 
                         radiation is tolerated by the CubeSat software. The paper 
                         demonstrates the proposed approach using three different embedded 
                         software running in the EDC (Environment Data Collection) CubeSat 
                         board, which is part (payload) of a constellation of satellites 
                         being developed by the Brazilian National Institute for Space 
                         Research (INPE). EDC use case provides a realistic insight on the 
                         effectiveness of the proposed steps. Our results show that the 
                         proposed approach can reduce the percentage of silent data 
                         corruption (the most problematic failure mode) from the range of 
                         15% to less than 1% and even to 0% in some embedded software, 
                         meaning that the CubeSat software becomes immune to space 
                         radiation.",
  conference-location = "Online",
      conference-year = "28 Nov. - 02 Dec. 2022",
                  doi = "10.1109/PRDC55274.2022.00022",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PRDC55274.2022.00022",
                 isbn = "978-166548555-5",
                 issn = "15410110",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "
                         
                         Enhanced_software_development_process_for_CubeSats_to_cope_with_space_radiation_faults.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}