@MastersThesis{Carvalho:2024:VaEsFl,
               author = "Carvalho, Gabrielle Tavares de",
                title = "Variabilidade espa{\c{c}}o-temporal dos fluxos de CO2 no setor 
                         Atl{\^a}ntico do Oceano Austral",
               school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
                 year = "2024",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
                month = "2023-08-25",
             keywords = "fluxo de CO2, setor Atl{\^a}ntico do Oceano Austral, rede neural 
                         artificial, CO2 flux, Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 
                         artificial neural network.",
             abstract = "O Oceano Ant{\'a}rtico possui um papel fundamental no sistema 
                         clim{\'a}tico do planeta, devido ser a principal fonte de 
                         {\'a}guas do interior dos oceanos do mundo, al{\'e}m de fornecer 
                         o principal caminho de retorno dessas {\'a}guas para a 
                         superf{\'{\i}}cie, controlando assim, os reservat{\'o}rios 
                         oce{\^a}nicos, como carbono e calor. {\'E} caracterizado como um 
                         sumidouro de CO2 atmosf{\'e}rico. No entanto, a 
                         capta{\c{c}}{\~a}o pode variar ao longo do tempo, sendo um fato 
                         ainda pouco compreendido. O oceano Austral {\'e} uma regi{\~a}o 
                         com poucos dados observacionais devido a uma descontinuidade de 
                         informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es no tempo e no espa{\c{c}}o de coletas in 
                         situ, a maioria das medidas s{\~a}o realizadas no ver{\~a}o e na 
                         primavera austral. Assim, foi estimada a variabilidade do fluxo 
                         CO2, e o papel das vari{\'a}veis atmosf{\'e}ricas e 
                         oce{\^a}nicas a essa variabilidade, utilizando 
                         medi{\c{c}}{\~o}es in situ, informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es de 
                         sat{\'e}lite e de rean{\'a}lise, no setor Atl{\^a}ntico do 
                         oceano Austral, por meio do m{\'e}todo de 
                         parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o bulk, do per{\'{\i}}odo de 2003 a 
                         2022. Um modelo de rede neural foi produzido para estimar pCO2mar, 
                         visto que n{\~a}o h{\'a} estimativas desse dado por 
                         sat{\'e}lite. A partir das estimativas de pCO2mar foi 
                         poss{\'{\i}}vel calcular o fluxo de CO2 em uma grande escala 
                         espacial e temporal. O fluxo de CO2 varia de -5 a 5 
                         {\μmol/mē/m{\^e}s,} absorvendo nos per{\'{\i}}odos de 
                         ver{\~a}o e primavera, e no inverno e no outono austral, a 
                         absor{\c{c}}{\~a}o diminui. Foi demonstrado que a 
                         absor{\c{c}}{\~a}o de CO2 foi intensificada, 7,6 
                         {\μmol/mē/m{\^e}s} de 2003 a 2022. A 
                         intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o se deve a mudan{\c{c}}as na velocidade 
                         do vento oeste, relacionadas {\`a} tend{\^e}ncia da fase 
                         positiva da Oscila{\c{c}}{\~a}o Ant{\'a}rtica e aos eventos 
                         extremos de El Niņo e La Niņa. ABSTRACT: The Southern Ocean plays 
                         a fundamental role in the planet's climate system, as it is the 
                         main source of water from the interior of the world's oceans, in 
                         addition to providing the main route for these waters to return to 
                         the surface, thus controlling oceanic reservoirs, such as carbon 
                         and hot. It is characterized as a sink for atmospheric CO2. 
                         However, uptake may vary over time, a fact that is still poorly 
                         understood. The Southern Ocean is a region with little 
                         observational data due to a discontinuity of information in time 
                         and space from in situ collections, most measurements are carried 
                         out in the southern summer and spring. Thus, the variability of 
                         the CO2 flux was estimated, and the role of atmospheric and 
                         oceanic variables in this variability, using in situ measurements, 
                         satellite and reanalysis information, in the Atlantic sector of 
                         the Southern Ocean, using the bulk parameterization method, the 
                         period from 2003 to 2022. A neural network model was produced to 
                         estimate pCO2mar, as there are no estimates of this data by 
                         satellite. From the pCO2sea estimates it was possible to calculate 
                         the CO2 flux on a large spatial and temporal scale. The CO2 flux 
                         varies from -5 to 5 {\μmol/mē/month,} absorbed in the summer 
                         and spring periods, and in the southern winter and autumn, 
                         absorption decreases. It was shown that CO2 absorption was 
                         intensified, 7.6 {\μmol/mē/month} from 2003 to 2022. The 
                         intensification is due to changes in west wind speed, related to 
                         the trend of the positive phase of the Antarctic Oscillation and 
                         extreme events El Niņo and La Niņa.",
            committee = "Gherardi, Douglas Francisco Marcolino (presidente) and Pezzi, 
                         Luciano Ponzi (orientador) and Lef{\`e}vre, Nathalie 
                         (orientadora) and Cunha, Leticia Cotrim da",
         englishtitle = "Space-temporal variability of CO2 flux in the Atlantic sector of 
                         the Southern Ocean",
             language = "pt",
                pages = "83",
                  ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/49PKDPH",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/49PKDPH",
           targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}