@InProceedings{CasagrandeSouzStac:2024:AsCMCM,
               author = "Casagrande, Fernanda and Souza, Ronald Buss de and Stachelski, 
                         Let{\'{\i}}cia",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Assessment of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Antarctic Sea ice simulations",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2024",
         organization = "Ocean Sciences Meeting",
            publisher = "AGU",
             abstract = "Sea ice is a critical component of the Earths system and plays a 
                         fundamental role in the global climate. Here we investigated the 
                         ability of twenty-two climate models from CMIP5 and CMIP6 to 
                         represent the Antarctic seasonal cycle of sea ice area and 
                         concentration (SIA and SIC) between 1980-2005 (1980-2014) and the 
                         Antarctic sea ice projections until the end of the 21st century. 
                         We highlighted the improvements of each model and discussed the 
                         main sources of the models' uncertainties associated with the 
                         complexity of the ocean-atmosphere-ice system. The simulations 
                         showed good agreement among the climate model results and 
                         satellite for SIA, however, the SIC parameter revealed systematic 
                         bias in February (September) in the Weddell Sea, Amundsen Sea, 
                         Bellingshausen Sea, and Ross Sea (nearby to the Polar Front), as 
                         well as, a substantial inter-model spread in SIA across climate 
                         models. The projected sea ice changes indicated a strong sea ice 
                         sensibility to CO2 forcing. Most of the models showed rapid sea 
                         ice loss until the end of the 21st century. The uncertainties and 
                         low confidence of the Antarctic sea simulation are associated with 
                         the unrealistic representation of the Southern Ocean properties, 
                         such as the SST, cloud representation, shortwave radiation, the 
                         westerly winds, the effect of the Antarctic ice sheet melting, and 
                         the presence of mesoscale eddies. Even with the recent advances 
                         brought by the CMIP6 models, the progress in CMIP5 simulations 
                         related to the CMIP6 ones is still limited for realistically 
                         representing the Antarctic sea ice.",
  conference-location = "New Orleans",
      conference-year = "18-23 Feb. 2024",
        urlaccessdate = "06 maio 2024"
}