@Article{RosanSOBWSGFHSBRMGWFPSWSKAKTYJFPASZWKYBCWAA:2024:SyLaCa,
               author = "Rosan, Thais M. and Sitch, Stephen and O’Sullivan, Michael and 
                         Basso, Luana Santamaria and Wilson, Chris and Silva, Camila and 
                         Gloor, Emanuel and Fawcett, Dominic and Heinrich, Viola and Souza, 
                         Jefferson G. and Bezerra, Francisco Gilney Silva and von Randow, 
                         Celso and Mercado, Lina M. and Gatti, Luciana Vanni and Wiltshire, 
                         Andy and Friedlingstein, Pierre and Pongratz, Julia and 
                         Schwingshackl, Clemens and Williams, Mathew and Smallman, Luke and 
                         Knauer, J{\"u}rgen and Arora, Vivek and Kennedy, Daniel and Tian, 
                         Hanqin and Yuan, Wenping and Jain, Atul K. and Falk, Stefanie and 
                         Poulter, Benjamin and Arneth, Almut and Sun, Qing and Zaehle, 
                         S{\"o}nke and Walker, Anthony P. and Kato, Etsushi and Yue, Xu 
                         and Bastos, Ana and Ciais, Philippe and Wigneron, Jean-Pierre and 
                         Albergel, Clement and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz 
                         de",
          affiliation = "{University of Exeter} and {University of Exeter} and {University 
                         of Exeter} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {University of Leeds} and {Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais 
                         da Amaz{\^o}nia} and {University of Leeds} and {University of 
                         Exeter} and {University of Exeter} and {University of Exeter} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Exeter} 
                         and {University of Exeter} and 
                         {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen} and 
                         {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen} and {University 
                         of Edinburgh} and {University of Edinburgh} and {Western Sydney 
                         University} and {Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and 
                         Analysis} and {National Center for Atmospheric Research} and 
                         {Boston College} and {Sun Yat-sen University} and {University of 
                         Illinoi} and {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen 
                         (LMU)} and {NASA Goddard Space Flight Center} and {Karlsruhe 
                         Institute of Technology} and {University of Bern} and {Max Planck 
                         Institute for Biogeochemistry} and {Oak Ridge National Laboratory} 
                         and {Institute of Applied Energy (IAE)} and {Nanjing University of 
                         Information Science and Technology (NUIST)} and {Max Planck 
                         Institute for Biogeochemistry} and {Universit{\'e} Paris-Saclay} 
                         and ISPA, INRAE Bordeaux and {European Space Agency Climate 
                         Office} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 
                         2010 and 2020",
              journal = "Communications Earth and Environment",
                 year = "2024",
               volume = "5",
               number = "1",
                pages = "e46",
                month = "Dec.",
             abstract = "The Amazon is the largest continuous tropical forest in the world 
                         and plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Human-induced 
                         disturbances and climate change have impacted the Amazon carbon 
                         balance. Here we conduct a comprehensive synthesis of existing 
                         state-of-the-art estimates of the contemporary land carbon fluxes 
                         in the Amazon using a set of bottom-up methods (i.e., dynamic 
                         vegetation models and bookkeeping models) and a top-down inversion 
                         (atmospheric inversion model) over the Brazilian Amazon and the 
                         whole Biogeographical Amazon domain. Over the whole 
                         biogeographical Amazon region bottom-up methodologies suggest a 
                         small average carbon sink over 2010-2020, in contrast to a small 
                         carbon source simulated by top-down inversion (2010-2018). 
                         However, these estimates are not significantly different from one 
                         another when accounting for their large individual uncertainties, 
                         highlighting remaining knowledge gaps, and the urgent need to 
                         reduce such uncertainties. Nevertheless, both methodologies agreed 
                         that the Brazilian Amazon has been a net carbon source during 
                         recent climate extremes and that the south-eastern Amazon was a 
                         net land carbon source over the whole study period (2010-2020). 
                         Overall, our results point to increasing human-induced 
                         disturbances (deforestation and forest degradation by wildfires) 
                         and reduction in the old-growth forest sink during drought.",
                  doi = "10.1038/s43247-024-01205-0",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01205-0",
                 issn = "2662-4435",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "s43247-024-01205-0.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}