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@InProceedings{NaccaratoPinPinAloSiq:2014:AsLiTh,
               author = "Naccarato, Kleber Pinheiro and Pinto Junior, Osmar and Pinto, Iara 
                         Regina Cardoso de Almeida and Alonso, Luis Henrique Pedroso and 
                         Siqueira, Arthur Mello de",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Assessment of Lightning Threads in Brazil and the Use of Lightning 
                         Warning Systems for Human Life Protection",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2014",
         organization = "International Conference on Ground and Earthing (GROUND'2014), e 
                         International Conference on Lightning Physics \& Effects, 6. 
                         (LPE).",
            publisher = "Sociedade Brasileira de Prote{\c{c}}{\~a}o El{\'e}trica 
                         (SBRAI)",
             keywords = "rel{\^a}mpagos, caracter{\'{\i}}sticas dos raios, densidade de 
                         raios, protecao de vidas humanas, an{\'a}lise de riscos, 
                         acidentes.",
             abstract = "The Atmospheric Electricity Group (ELAT) from CCST / INPE had 
                         developed an accurate methodology for cloud-to-ground lightning 
                         warning with one hour in advance for regions with less than 100 
                         km2. Based on real-time total lightning data provided by lightning 
                         detection network, electrostatic field-mill measurements, IR 
                         satellite images, and weather radar images, cloud-to-ground 
                         lightning warnings are issued based on the probability of a 
                         thunderstorm to occur in a particular region. This approach is 
                         very attractive because for specific regions (like airports, 
                         soccer stadiums, oil refineries, mining, parks, etc.), the 
                         forecast based only on numerical models or radar images is not 
                         suitably accurate in time and/or spatial domains. The main purpose 
                         of issuing lightning warnings with some lead time is to protect 
                         human life from lightning threads while in outdoor activities. 
                         Main results are: less than 20% of false alarms, lead time of 
                         about 30 to 40min and warning total duration of about 02 to 03h. 
                         The paper also presents a comprehensive risk analysis of lighting 
                         threads for outdoor activities showing risk maps for different 
                         scenarios as a function of the time of exposure and level of 
                         protection. An example, a lightning warning system that combines 
                         total lightning data and numerical model simulations is also 
                         discussed illustrating how it can predict the occurrence of a 
                         severe storm in a particular region with a lead time of 30 min and 
                         thus help preventing human casualties.",
  conference-location = "Manaus",
      conference-year = "May, 2014.",
                label = "lattes: 6324293045209180 1 NaccaratoPinPinAloSiq:2014:AsLiTh",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Naccarato_Lightning_Warning_GROUND'2014_Final.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 mar. 2024"
}


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