@Book{BergierAABBBBCCSCMFGGGKLMMMMMMOOPPPPQRRSSSSSSWZ:2016:DyPaWe,
author = "Bergier, Ivan and Assine, Mario Luis and Alves, Lincoln M. and
Bastviken, D. and Bayma-Silva, G. and Bergier, I. and Buller, L.
S. and Catalani, T. G. T. and Cavazzana, G. H. and Silva, J. S. V.
da and Carvalho Dores, E. F. G de and Moraes, A. de and Freitas,
B. T. and Goulart, T. and Gu{\'e}rin, F. and Guerreiro, R. L. and
Krusche, A. and Lastoria, G. and Macedo, H. A. and Marengo, Jose
A. and Mattos, P. P. and McGlue, M. M. and Merino, E. R. and
Monteiro, H. and Oliveira, Gilvan Sampaio de and Ortega, E. and
Padovani, C. R. and Paranhos-Filho, A. C. and Pott, A. and Pupim,
F. D. N. and Quaglio, F. and Riccomini, C. and Roche, K. F. and
Salis, S. M. and Sawakuchi, H. O. and Silva, A. and Silva, A. P.
S. and Sim{\~o}es, M. G. and Stevaux, J. C. and Warren, L. W. and
Zanetti, M. R.",
editor = "Barcel{\`o}, Damia and Kostianoy, A. G.",
title = "Dynamics of the Pantanal Wetland in South America",
publisher = "Springer",
year = "2016",
volume = "37",
keywords = "Pantanal, wetland, South America.",
abstract = "This book presents the Pantanal wetland in a singular perspective
where the reader can envisage changes in the Pantanal landscape
under variable lenses of time and space, since its early formation
to the actual and likely future states. The book reveals that
todays Pantanal is an evolutionary sequence of geologic, ecologic,
and more recently manmade events taking place at distinct
space-time frequencies. Under this perspective, the notion of
preserving the Pantanal wetland as today in the long term is
somehow idealistic, as much stronger planetary forces are involved
in its dynamics and configuration. Geotectonics and SunEarth
interaction largely dictate the rate of drastic environmental
changes that eventually disrupt the ecological stability,
radically rebuilding the regional landscape as already occurred in
the past. Warren et al. (chapter Underneath the Pantanal Wetland:
A Deep-Time History of Gondwana Assembly, Climate Change, and the
Dawn of Metazoan Life) show that Precambrian rocks that form the
hills, locally known as morrarias, register the supercontinent
assembling, the origin of metazoans like Cloudina and Corumbella,
and past climate changes. On the other hand, at intermediate
timescales, the biota-climate system is a major driver reshaping
the ecohydrology functioning in the landscape. Assine et al.
(chapter Geology and Geomorphology of the Pantanal Basin) provide
evidences that the Pantanal is an active sedimentary basin with
faults and associated earthquakes that delimit the most
flood-prone areas and point that geomorphology is the product of
climatic fluctuations and environmental changes that have been
occurring since the Late Pleistocene. McGlue et al. (chapter
Paleolimnology in the Pantanal: Using Lake Sediment Archives to
Track Late Quaternary Environmental Change in the Worlds Largest
Neotropical Wetland) suggest that severe widespread drought is the
response of the Pantanal to highlatitude glaciation, perhaps due
to linkages among effective precipitation, ITCZ position, and
North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Assine et al. (chapter
Avulsive Rivers in the Hydrology of the Pantanal Wetland)
illustrate that avulsions and bottlenecks dictate geomorphology,
hydrodynamics, and the ecohydrology of the Pantanal wetland. The
models and evidences presented in chapter Avulsive Rivers in the
Hydrology of the Pantanal Wetland is a step further in the
comprehension of the Pantanal hydrodynamics. Very recently, in the
Anthropocene, short-term timescale changes in ecohydrology and
biodiversity are due to both land-use and in course climate
change. Chapter Terrestrial and Aquatic Vegetation Diversity of
the Pantanal Wetland by Pott and Silva is a comprehensive review
of aquatic and terrestrial vegetation diversity in the Pantanal,
demonstrating how manmade land-use has been altering the
vegetation landscape. Pott and Silva conclude that vegetation is
very resilient and flexible and adapts to wet-and-dry seasonal and
decadal cycles, including fire, and shall remain diverse as long
as the hydrological balance is not disrupted by homogenization
toward either an entirely dry or a fully wet system. Bergier et
al. (chapter Metabolic Scaling Applied to Native Woody Savanna
Species in the Pantanal of Nhecolandia) show for the Nhecolandia
subregion how forest biomass allocation, independently of the
species, follows the metabolic scaling theory, though
close-to-soil groundwater makes the ratio below/above biomass
lower than unit probably to cope with evapotranspiration. Still in
the Nhecolandia, Bergier et al. (chapter Alkaline Lakes Dynamics
in the Nhecolandia Landscape) show that alkaline lakes can be
segregated into three ecological functional groups accordingly to
their biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas exchanges and that these
singular lakes are steadily reducing in area and number likely due
to land-use changes in highlands that affect the ecohydrology of
the whole Upper Paraguay River Basin. Bergier et al. (chapter
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Paraguay River
floodplain (Pantanal) during Episodic Anoxia Events) bring lacking
data on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics in the Paraguay River
floodplain during the natural and very anoxic dequada or decoada
event that develops in variable intensity and magnitude at every
annual flood. Regarding human interferences, Dores (chapter
Pesticides in the Pantanal) provides a discussion highlighting
that agricultural activities occur mainly in the highlands and
represent the main source of pesticides to the Pantanal.
Nevertheless, although detected with low frequency and relatively
low concentrations, pesticides may interfere in the Pantanal
ecosystem, and little is known about potential effects, indicating
that more research is needed. Buller et al. (chapter Historical
Land-use Changes in Sao Gabriel do Oeste at the Upper Taquari
River Basin) illustrate that human appropriation of the net
primary production in highlands has been improving human
development index and economic concentration, although the
agribusiness development has diminished ecosystem services and
resilience. Buller et al. emphasize that new sustainable design of
agroecosystems (integrated croplivestock and forestry) in the
Upper Taquari River Basin can maximize and optimize both the
sharing of rural productivity and carbon/water regulations that
positively reflect to the lowlands of the Pantanal. Cavazanna et
al. (chapter Natural and Environmental Vulnerability along the
Touristic Estradas Parque Pantanal by GIS Algebraic Mapping)
traced the vulnerability of tourism activities in the lowlands
(Estradas Parque Pantanal), which is a major economic activity in
the region. The Estradas Parque Pantanal is undergoing ecological
pressure, which means that further changes applied to the
landscape can alter its status to vulnerable. Finally, Marengo et
al. (chapter Climate Change Scenarios in the Pantanal) show future
scenarios of climate change indicating that by the end of the
century temperatures can increase upon to 7C and rainfall can
decrease in austral summer and particularly in austral winter
seasons. Marengo et al. highlight the relevance of restoring the
natural interannual flood pulse dynamics and to improve the
resilience of the wetland ecosystems with regard to future climate
change risk. In summary, the ability to recognize how those
variable processes occurring at different temporal scales and
strength dynamically affect the Pantanal wetland opens new
opportunities to adaptation strategies for increasing ecosystems
resilience by means of the sustainable development in low- and
highlands. The Pantanal is a place of changing rivers and public
policies must consider this intrinsic dynamism.",
affiliation = "{} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {}
and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {} and
{} and {} and {} and {} and {} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
doi = "10.1007/698_2015_357",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_357",
isbn = "9783319187341",
label = "lattes: 0236607123089481 2 MarengoOlivAlve:2016:HaEnCh",
language = "pt",
urlaccessdate = "20 abr. 2024"
}