@Article{NyassorWGPVNTBFB:2021:CaStCo,
               author = "Nyassor, Prosper Kwamla and Wrasse, Cristiano Max and Gobbi, 
                         Delano and Paulino, Igo and Vadas, S. L. and Naccarato, Kleber 
                         Pinheiro and Takahashi, Hisao and Bageston, Jos{\'e} Valentin and 
                         Figueiredo, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros and Barros, Diego",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de Campina 
                         Grande (UFCG)} and {NorthWest Research Associates} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Case Studies on Concentric Gravity Waves Source using Lightning 
                         Flash Rate, Brightness Temperature and Backward Ray Tracing at 
                         S{\~a}o Martinho da Serra (29.44°S, 53.82°W)",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "126",
                pages = "1--22",
             abstract = "We relate the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning flash 
                         rates and cloud top brightness temperature (CTBT) to concentric 
                         atmospheric gravity wave (CGW) events observed at the Southern 
                         Space Observatory (SSO) in S{\~a}o Martinho da Serra (29.44°S, 
                         53.82°W, 488.7\m) in southern Brazil. The selected 
                         identified cases from 2017 to 2018 were observed by a hydroxyl 
                         (OH) all-sky imager. Backward ray tracing shows that the time of 
                         gravity wave excitation agrees with the highest values of 
                         lightning flash rates (indicating lightning jump) as well as the 
                         coldest brightness temperatures that indicate the time of 
                         convective overshoot. Radiosonde measurements show high convective 
                         available potential energy (CAPE), associated with a maximum 
                         updraft velocity just prior to the wave events. We find that these 
                         possible source locations correspond to the positions and times 
                         that convective plumes overshot the tropopause (seen in GOES-16 
                         CTBT images). We also show that higher spatial lightning density 
                         (i.e., number of lightning flashes at a given longitude and 
                         latitude) agree with the overshoot locations from the GOES 
                         satellite. We also find that the overshoot times from the GOES-16 
                         satellite agree with the times lightning jumps were observed in 
                         the lightning flash rate. Finally, we find that the periodicities 
                         in the lightning flash rate agree with the periods of the observed 
                         CGWs, which further strengthens the result that the CGWs were 
                         excited by the deep convective systems determined from backward 
                         ray tracing.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2020JD034527",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034527",
                 issn = "2169-897X",
                label = "lattes: 8485072131969726 10 NyassorWGPVNTBFB:2021:CaStCo",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "nyassor_case.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}