1. Identity statement | |
Reference Type | Journal Article |
Site | mtc-m16d.sid.inpe.br |
Holder Code | isadg {BR SPINPE} ibi 8JMKD3MGPCW/3DT298S |
Identifier | 8JMKD3MGP7W/3CF23K2 |
Repository | sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2012/08.15.18.18 |
Last Update | 2012:08.15.18.52.20 (UTC) administrator |
Metadata Repository | sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2012/08.15.18.18.52 |
Metadata Last Update | 2021:07.28.23.00.27 (UTC) administrator |
Secondary Key | INPE--PRE/ |
DOI | 10.5194/bgd-9-627-2012 |
ISSN | 1810-6277 |
Citation Key | GloorGBFPMORBHAGZJPSPLZHL:2012:StDeTr |
Title | The carbon balance of South America: status, decadal trends and main determinants |
Year | 2012 |
Access Date | 2024, Apr. 26 |
Secondary Type | PRE PI |
Number of Files | 1 |
Size | 3371 KiB |
| 2. Context | |
Author | 1 Gloor, M. 2 Gatti, L. 3 Brienen, R. J. W. 4 Feldpausch, T. 5 Phillips, O. 6 Miller, J. 7 Ometto, J. -P. 8 Rocha, H. Ribeiro da 9 Baker, T. 10 Houghton, R. 11 Aragão, L. 12 Guyot, J. -L. 13 Zhao, K. 14 Jackson, R. 15 Peylin, P. 16 Sitch, S. 17 Poulter, B. 18 Lomas, M. 19 Zaehle, S. 20 Huntingford, C. 21 Lloyd1, J. |
Group | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CST-CST-SPG-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR |
Affiliation | 1 University of Leeds, School of Geography, Woodhouse Lane, LS9 2JT, Leeds, UK 2 CNEN – IPEN – Lab. Quimica Atmosferica, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade 3 University of Leeds, School of Geography, Woodhouse Lane, LS9 2JT, Leeds, UK 4 1University of Leeds, School of Geography, Woodhouse Lane, LS9 2JT, Leeds, UK 5 University of Leeds, School of Geography, Woodhouse Lane, LS9 2JT, Leeds, UK 6 NOAA/ESRL R/GMD1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 7 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) 8 NOAA/ESRL R/GMD1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 9 1University of Leeds, School of Geography, Woodhouse Lane, LS9 2JT, Leeds, UK 10 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road Falmouth, MA 02540–1644, USA 11 School of Geography, University of Exeter, Amory Building (room 385), Rennes Drive, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK 12 IRD, CP 7091 Lago Sul, 71635–971 Bras´ılia DF, Brazil 13 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90338/rm 3311 French FSC 124 Science Drive Durham, NC 27708–0338, USA 14 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90338/rm 3311 French FSC 124 Science Drive Durham, NC 27708–0338, USA 15 CEA centre de Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, LSCE, bat. 701 – Point courrier 129, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France 16 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK 17 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement (LSCE), Orme des Merisiers, bat. 701 – Point courrier 129, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France 18 Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics (CTCD), University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK 19 Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry–Biogeochemical Systems Department, P.O. Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany 20 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OXON, OX10 8BB, UK 21 James Cook University Cairns, Australia |
Journal | Biogeosciences Discussions |
Volume | 9 |
Pages | 627–671 |
History (UTC) | 2012-08-15 19:10:57 :: marciana -> administrator :: 2012 2012-11-20 18:33:09 :: administrator -> marciana :: 2012 2013-02-22 12:50:17 :: marciana -> administrator :: 2012 2021-07-28 23:00:27 :: administrator -> marciana :: 2012 |
| 3. Content and structure | |
Is the master or a copy? | is the master |
Content Stage | completed |
Transferable | 1 |
Content Type | External Contribution |
Version Type | publisher |
Abstract | We review the carbon balance and trends over the last decades, as well as their determinants, for South America as part of a catalogue of similar regional syntheses covering the globe for the RECCAP (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Pro- 5 cesses) effort. South America as a region has attracted the attention of global carbon cycle and climate researchers mainly because of the very large amount of organic carbon stored in its rainforests. Amazonia contains on the order of 95120 PgC in living biomass and additional 160 PgC in soils (Gibbs et al., 2007; Malhi et al., 2006; Saatchi et al., 2011; Jobaggy and Jackson 2000; Appendix 2). To place this in perspective in 10 total this is approximately half of the amount of carbon contained in the atmosphere before the beginning of the industrialization in the 18th century. A substantial fraction of these carbon pools is thus amenable to release to the atmosphere on short timescales (decades) by deforestation. On the other hand, because of their vast size the forests also have the potential to slightly moderate the global carbon problem by taking 15 up carbon and thereby mitigating some emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels. However, this effect will eventually saturate. Hence two main factors will likely dictate future changes in forest biomass. Firstly, the current fast demographic and economic development (e.g., Soares-Filho et al., 2006), and secondly changes in forest biomass and biome boundaries caused by changes in atmospheric gas composition and any 20 associated climate change (e.g., Phillips et al., 2009; Marimon et al., 2006). The development of the region is associated directly with forest destruction mainly for agricultural use (e.g., DeFries et al., 2010), while changes brought about by altered climate and atmospheric composition on forests are subtler. Specifically, increases in carbon dioxide concentration and/or changes in direct light may stimulate tree growth 25 and in turn rainforest biomass gains (Lloyd and Farquhar, 1996; Mercado et al., 2009). There is strong evidence for such a process having occurred over the last decades and is still ongoing (Phillips et al., 1998, 2009; Lewis et al., 2009). In contrast the changing climate has also been hypothesized to have adverse effects on tropical rainforests. As for other parts of the globe, warming of the Earths surface is predicted to result in an increase in climate variation in South America (Held and Soden, 2006) including likely increased frequency and intensity of dry periods. Such increased variation, together with a general global warming, may possibly lead to forest decline through enhanced 5 water stress, and drought induced forest loss may be further amplified by fire (White et al., 1999; Cox et al., 2000; Poulter et al., 2010; Nepstad et al., 1999; Aragao and Shimabukuro, 2010). Altogether it is the interplay between the very large area covered by high carbon density intact forests, and the very fast economical and demographic development and a changing climate, which make South America of particular interest 10 for its role in the contemporary carbon cycle and, in turn, to climate over the decades to come. The purpose of this study is to give a state of the art assessment of South American carbon stocks, fluxes and time trends, and their dominant controls. Further, we will assess the role of South America in the carbon cycle over the last decades in or15 der to provide an indication for what to expect in the decades to come. The paper is structured as follows. We start with a characterization of main biomes, stocks, mean climate, climate trends, demography and economic development. We then present and discuss stocks and carbon fluxes associated with different processes and estimated using complementary methods. Dominant processes, in a loose sense, fall into 20 the categories of fossil fuel emissions, deforestation, agriculture and trade, and rainforest tree growth trends. We then also discuss inferences from atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration patterns on carbon sources and sinks using atmospheric transport inverse modelling and vegetation model estimates, whilst recognising these two methods are still in stages of development. |
Area | CST |
Arrangement | urlib.net > BDMCI > Fonds > Produção pgr ATUAIS > CST > The carbon balance... |
doc Directory Content | access |
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| 4. Conditions of access and use | |
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zipped data URL | http://urlib.net/zip/8JMKD3MGP7W/3CF23K2 |
Language | en |
Target File | GlooretalBiogeoSciDiscuss.12.pdf |
User Group | administrator marciana |
Reader Group | administrator marciana |
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Update Permission | not transferred |
| 5. Allied materials | |
Mirror Repository | sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19@80/2009/08.21.17.02.53 |
Next Higher Units | 8JMKD3MGPCW/449U4PL |
Dissemination | PORTALCAPES |
Host Collection | sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19@80/2009/08.21.17.02 |
| 6. Notes | |
Empty Fields | alternatejournal archivist callnumber copyholder copyright creatorhistory descriptionlevel e-mailaddress electronicmailaddress format isbn keywords label lineage mark month nextedition notes number orcid parameterlist parentrepositories previousedition previouslowerunit progress project resumeid rightsholder schedulinginformation secondarydate secondarymark session shorttitle sponsor subject tertiarymark tertiarytype typeofwork url |
| 7. Description control | |
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